Debian 12(Bookworm) is the latest stable release of Debian that comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bullseye. If you’re interested in the installation of Debian 12 on Hetzner Root Server then this article is prepared for you. Hetzner Cloud provides dedicated server offering that gives you full access and control to configure the server to your liking. Visit Hetzner Online GmbH to see Server auctions for dedicated server hardware at a very competitive rates payable monthly.
We have a dedicated server with the following hardware specifications.
CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v3 @ 3.50GHz (Cores 12)
Memory: 256GB RAM
Disk: 2 x 480GB SSD
Network: 1Gbit
IPV4 Addresses: 1 x IPV4 public addressEvery root server you order from Hetzner comes with a single IPv4 public IP address. But extra public IP addresses are available on demand.
1) Order dedicated server
Visit https://www.hetzner.com/sb and search for a server. You can filter search results by Price, Location, CPU, Memory, Drives, e.t.c.
2) Enter Rescue Mode
Once your order is complete, login and access Hetzner root server console then navigate to Main functions > Servers > Server Label > Rescue section to boot your server in rescue mode.
Select Linux operating system and appropriate architecture for your CPU. Choose public key or password authentication method then activate rescue system.
Reboot the server under Reset section to use rescue system.
3) Create installation configuration – used with installimage
After the server is rebooted ssh into it using root username with password / key authentication option.
$ ssh root@ServerIP
Linux rescue 6.5.5 #1 SMP Mon Sep 25 03:07:50 UTC 2023 x86_64
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Welcome to the Hetzner Rescue System.
This Rescue System is based on Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm) with a custom kernel.
You can install software like you would in a normal system.
To install a new operating system from one of our prebuilt images, run 'installimage' and follow the instructions.
Important note: Any data that was not written to the disks will be lost during a reboot.
For additional information, check the following resources:
Rescue System: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/dedicated-server/troubleshooting/hetzner-rescue-system
Installimage: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/dedicated-server/operating-systems/installimage
Install custom software: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/dedicated-server/operating-systems/installing-custom-images
other articles: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot
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Rescue System up since 2023-10-09 11:21 +02:00
Hardware data:
CPU1: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v3 @ 3.50GHz (Cores 12)
Memory: 257647 MB
Disk /dev/sda: 480 GB (=> 447 GiB) doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdb: 480 GB (=> 447 GiB) doesn't contain a valid partition table
Total capacity 894 GiB with 2 Disks
Network data:
eth0 LINK: yes
MAC: xxxxxx
IP: yyyyyy
IPv6: zzzzzz
Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network DriverFrom the output we can confirm the server has two disks @480GB.
Disk /dev/sda: 480 GB (=> 447 GiB) doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdb: 480 GB (=> 447 GiB) doesn't contain a valid partition tableWe’ll configure them in non-redundant RAID 0 configuration. Start by creating installer configuration file.
vim install-config.txtModify sample configuration parameters provided below match your installation requirements.
# Define disks to be used
DRIVE1 /dev/sda
DRIVE2 /dev/sdb
# Enable Raid 0
SWRAID 1
SWRAIDLEVEL 1 # Use 1 for Raid 1, 0 for no raid
BOOTLOADER grub
HOSTNAME deb12.example.com # Set correct hostname
PART /boot ext4 512M
#PART /boot/efi esp 256M #Only needed in UEFI mode, if you get failed install, try enable it
PART lvm vg0 all
LV vg0 root / ext4 50G
LV vg0 swap swap swap 8G
LV vg0 var /var ext4 300G
# List images with ls /root/.oldroot/nfs/install/../images
IMAGE /root/images/Debian-bookworm-latest-amd64-base.tar.gzConfigure your own partitioning scheme depending on storage hardware and usable space.
4) Install Debian on Hetzner root server
After creating your custom configurations apply to install Debian 12 Linux system.
# installimage -a -c install-config.txtInstallation should begin immediately.
Found AUTOSETUP file '/autosetup'
Running unattended installimage installation ...
DRIVE1 /dev/sda
DRIVE2 /dev/sdb
SWRAID 1
SWRAIDLEVEL 1 # Use 1 for Raid 1, 0 for no raid
BOOTLOADER grub
HOSTNAME myrootserver.computingforgeeks.com
PART /boot ext3 512M
PART lvm vg0 all
LV vg0 root / ext4 50G
LV vg0 swap swap swap 8G
LV vg0 var /var ext4 300G
IMAGE /root/.oldroot/nfs/install/../images/Debian-1201-bookworm-amd64-base.tar.gz
WARNING:
Starting installation in 20 seconds ...
Press X to continue immediately ...
Installation will DELETE ALL DATA ON DISK(s)!
Press CTRL-C to abort now!The installation is purely automated and no user input is required post configuration generation.
Hetzner Online GmbH - installimage
Your server will be installed now, this will take some minutes
You can abort at any time with CTRL+C ...
: Reading configuration done
: Loading image file variables done
: Loading debian specific functions done
1/17 : Deleting partitions done
2/17 : Test partition size done
3/17 : Creating partitions and /etc/fstab done
4/17 : Creating software RAID level 0 done
5/17 : Creating LVM volumes done
6/17 : Formatting partitions
: formatting /dev/md/0 with ext4 done
: formatting /dev/vg0/root with ext4 done
: formatting /dev/vg0/swap with swap done
: formatting /dev/vg0/var with ext4 done
7/17 : Mounting partitions done
8/17 : Sync time via ntp done
: Importing public key for image validation done
9/17 : Validating image before starting extraction done
10/17 : Extracting image (local) done
11/17 : Setting up network config done
12/17 : Executing additional commands
: Setting hostname done
: Generating new SSH keys done
: Generating mdadm config done
: Generating ramdisk done
: Generating ntp config done
13/17 : Setting up miscellaneous files done
14/17 : Configuring authentication
: Fetching SSH keys done
: Disabling root password done
: Disabling SSH root login without password done
: Copying SSH keys done
15/17 : Installing bootloader grub done
16/17 : Running some debian specific functions done
17/17 : Clearing log files done
INSTALLATION COMPLETE
You can now reboot and log in to your new system with the
same credentials that you used to log into the rescue system.Once Debian 12 is installed reboot the server to start using it.
# shutdown -r nowRemote access via SSH is possible with the Public IP address provisioned for the server.
$ ssh root@serverip
Enter passphrase for key '/Users/jmutai/.ssh/id_rsa':
Linux pve01 6.2.16-15-pve #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC PMX 6.2.16-15 (2023-09-28T13:53Z) x86_64
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.Disk partitioning scheme and LVM partitions can be checked using commands shared below.
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 511M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 893G 0 raid0
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─vg0-var 253:2 0 300G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 511M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 893G 0 raid0
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─vg0-var 253:2 0 300G 0 lvm /var
# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md1 vg0 lvm2 a-- 893.00g 535.00g
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 3 0 wz--n- 893.00g 535.00g
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 50.00g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- 8.00g
var vg0 -wi-ao---- 300.00gIt’s easy to extend an LVM from available space in the Volume Group. In this example we are adding extra 50GB to /dev/vg0/var Logical Volume.
# lvextend -r -L +50G /dev/vg0/vg0Confirm Debian successful installation by querying OS release info:
root@proxmox ~ # cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"Block rpcbind port 111 which is enabled by default.
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 111 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 111 -j DROP
sudo /sbin/iptables-saveYou can optionally disable the service completely.
sudo systemctl disable --now rpcbind rpcbind.socketUpgrade your system and update all installed packages.
apt update && apt -y full-upgrade
apt install wget vim sudo bash-completion
[ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && reboot -fIf you need to install Proxmox VE check out the following article.
